COVID-19: Tuzitwara gute mu isi itandukanye niyo dusanzwe tuzi?

Muri iyi minsi ikiremwamuntu cyugarijwe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19. Iki cyorezo kiri gufatwa nk’amage yagwiririye isi. Umushakashatsi akaba n’umwanditsi ukomeye ku mibereho ya muntu, Yuval Noah Harari avuga ko isi iri guhangana n’ingaruka z’aka kanya ariko ko abantu bakwiye no gutekereza uko bazitwara iki cyorezo kirangiye. Ati “Iki cyorezo kizarangira, benshi muri twe bazaba bakiriho gusa tuzisanga mu isi itandukanye niyo twari tuzi.”

Abahanga benshi bemeza ko inyinshi mu ngaruka zizaturuka kukuba muntu atazi niba iki cyorezo kizaranduka burundu. Hari kandi ingaruka zatewe no kwishyira mu kato maze ibikorwa byose bigahagarara ndetse no kuba Leta zizareka abantu bagasubira mu mirimo nyamara iki icyorezo kitararangira. Uko byagenda kose, ahazaza h’iyi si hubakiye ku ngamba tuzafata zo kubana n’iki cyorezo.

Iyi nyandiko igamije gusesengura bimwe mu bikorwa twari tumenyereye bishobora kuzahinduka, kureba ingamba abahanga bavuga ko zikwiye gufatwa mu maguru mashya ndetse n’uburyo abantu bakwiye kuzabyitwaramo.

Imiryango itari iya Leta: Gukorana na Leta, Guhura n’abaturage

Mu bihe by’amage usanga Leta ariyo ikora akazi kenshi cyane haba mu gushyiraho ingamba na politiki ndetse no kuzishyira mu bikorwa hakoreshejwe ubwumvikane cyangwa ku mbaraga. Umwarimu muri Kings College muri Amerika Anthony Bradley, avuga ko ubwo iki cyorezo kizaba kirangiye, Leta zikwiye gutekereza uburyo abandi bafatanyabikorwa nka sosiyeti sivile bafatanya kurwana uru rugamba cyane cyane mu bikorwa bitagaragarira amaso (Soft skills) ariko bihindura ubuzima bw’abaturage.

Muri iki gihe cya Covid 19, mu Rwanda, imiryango itari iya Leta ikwiye kwiga uburyo ikomeza kubana n’abaturage ku buryo ibikorwa byayo bya buri munsi bitasinzira. Iyi miryango ishobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye harimo nk’ikoranabuhanga n’ubundi buryo bwatuma bakomeza kunganira Leta mu guhindura imyumvire y’abaturage, kubasana imitima n’ibindi. Ibi kandi, aho byagiye bikorwa byagaragaje umusaruro.

Dufatiye urugero ku muryango Never Again Rwanda, mu gihe iki cyorezo cyadukaga, byaragaraga ko ntabundi buryo abakozi bawo bazongera guhuramo n’abo bafasha cyane mu bikorwa byísanamitima. Mu gushaka igisubizo, uyu muryango wize uburyo butandukanye bwo gukomeza kuba hafi y’abafatanyabikorwa bawo harimo kubahamagara kumatelefoni, kubaganiriza ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, gutegura ibiganiro mu itangazamakuru n’ibindi.

Ibi ntabwo ari igisubizo muri iki gihe cy’amage gusa, ahubwo, amasomo amaze kuvamo ni uko Ibi byakomeza na nyuma y’iki cyorezo, aho bishobora kuzaba ngombwa ko imiryango itari iya Leta yiga ubundi buryo bwo kugera ku mubare munini w’abaturage bidasabye kubahuriza hamwe, aho Televisiyo n’amaradiyo ziri ku isonga mu kuba zakemura iki kibazo.

Uburezi mu isura nshya

Mu minsi ishize, Dr. Anthony Fauci, ushinzwe guhuza ibikorwa byo guhashya icyorezo cya coronavirus muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aherutse gutangaza ko ahenshi mu isi amashuri ashobora kuzafungura mu mpeshyi akurikije uko icyorezo kigenda gituza.

Ibigo bitandukanye birimo UNESCO, Banki y’isi byatangiye gushyiraho ingamba z’uburyo abantu babona ubumenyi binyuze ku mbuga za Interineti. Leta y’u Rwanda nayo ikaba yarashyizeho uburyo bwo kwiga hifashishijwe murandasi, amaradiyo na za Televisiyo.

Gusa nubwo abenshi batekereza ko izi ngamba ari iz’igihe gito, ahubwo izi ni nkeya ugereranyije n’ibindi bikwiye gutekerezwaho mu buzima bwa nyuma ya COVID-19 kuko ubuzima bushobora kutazasubira uko bwari bumeze vuba aha. Kuri ubu abahanga batangiye gutekereza ko ubwo abanyeshuri n’abandi bakozi bazaba basubiye mu mashuri hakwiye gukurikizwa uburyo buri kwifashishwa ku gira ngo duhashye ikwirakwizwa rya Covid 19 ku bakozi bo mu mirimo isanzwe.

Ibi bivuze ko hakwiye gutekerezwa uburyo amashuri yazashyiraho ingamba zitandukanye zitari zisanzwe harimo nko kwambara udupfukamunwa, ingamba zihamye z’isuku no kugabanya iminsi cyangwa amasaha yo kwiga mu buryo bw’imbonankubone ahubwo hagatekerezwa uko hashyirwa imbaraga mu ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi.

Ikindi kandi nuko hazakenerwa ubufatanye ku nzego zose zirebwa n’uburezi, ababyeyi, abarimu n’ abanyeshuri mu rwego rwo kuzahura ireme ry’uburezi, ariko no gusubiza abanyeshuri ku murongo kuko muri iki gihe hari benshi bahuye n’ibibazo byo kubura amafunguro, ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ubw’imyororokere, kwiheba gukabije, guta icyizere n’ibindi bizasaba ubushishozi bukomeye.

Ubushabitsi buciriritse bushobora gukubita amavi hasi

Ubushabitsi buciriritse n’ubwo butunze benshi, mu bihugu byinshi busanzwe buhagaze ku kuguru kumwe. Nyuma yíki Cyorezo, hatabayeho ingamba zihamye bishobora guhumira ku mirari. Nko muri America, ibigo biciriritse bigera kuri 26% bingana na miliyoni ebyiri , aho buri kimwe gifite abakozi guhera kuri 250 bifite ibyago byo gufunga imiryango nyuma ya COVID-19. Buvuze ko abazabura akazi bangana na miliyoni 27, 5. Kimwe n’ahandi ku isi, mu Rwanda ibigo byinshi biciriritse byatangiye guhagarika abakozi ndetse nta gushidikanya ko ibigo bimwe bizisanga byafunze imiryango.

Nubwo Leta ziri guhangana n’ibindi bibazo by’ubukungu bikomeye nk’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, ubukerarugendo n’ibindi, hakwiye no gutekereza uburyo bwo kunganira ibigo biciriritse harimo gutanga ubujyanama mu ishoramari, koroshya uburyo bwo gutanga imisoro, kugenera ubufasha bw’ibanze abakozi bahagaritswe mu kazi, korohereza ibyo bigo kubona inguzanyo n’ibindi.

Ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo rikeneye kwiganwa ubushishozi

Benshi bakunda kuvuga ko muri uku kujya mu kato ibibazo byo mu ngo bizagabanuka kuko abantu babonye umwanya wo kuganira. Birashoboka, gusa ku rundi ruhande, umuntu yanakwibaza niba gushyira abantu bafitanye ikibazo hamwe mu kato (lockdown) buri gihe bivamo umuti w’ikibazo cyangwa byatuma gikomera.

Mu Bushinwa, kuva hashyirwaho ingamba zo kwishyira mu kato, umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta witwa Equality, watangaje ko ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ryiyongereye mu bihugu bitandukanye aho umurongo utishyurwa washyizweho wahamagawe n’abantu benshi bo muri Espagne, Ubufaransa, Afurika y’Epfo, Ositaraliya na Turukiya, Libani na Maleziya bavuga ko bahohotewe mu buryo bunyuranye.

Ibibazo byinshi ngo byari bishingiye ku kuba umwe yafungirana undi mu cyumba no kumuhoza ku nkeke ntahandi yajya ndetse no kubura kubura uko abantu batambutsa iki kibazo kuko inzego zibishinzwe ahenshi zihangayikishijwe n’iki cyorezo kurusha ibindi bibazo.

Mu Rwanda, Raporo iheruka y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR) ya 2019, ivuga ko 18% by’abagore bubatse bakorewe ihohoterwa ryo gukubita no gukomeretsa mu ngo, naho abagabo bagera kuri 7% ni bo bakorewe ihohoterwa. Naho ku bijyanye n’amagambo akomeretsa n’ababaza umutima, abagore bahohotewe muri ubwo buryo ni 19% mu gihe abagabo ari 14%. Ni ngombwa rero ko nubwo hashyirwa imbaraga nyinshi mu kurwanya kibazo cya COVID-19, ariko n’ibindi bibazo bisanzwe byugarije umuryango bitasigara inyuma kuko umuryango ariwo shingiro ry’igihugu.

Imiyoborere n’imitangire ya servisi

Buriwese aziko icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyugarije isi muri rusange ariko si buri wese uziko icyuho hagati y’umuturage n’umuyobozi cyiyongereye ndetse na bumwe mu buryo bw’imitangire ya serivisi bukaba bwarahagaze.

Iyi ntera ituruka ku kuba benshi mu bayobozi bahugiye mu gushaka ibisubizo by’ibanze bya COVID-19 bityo guhanahana amakuru, gukemura ibibazo by’abaturage bisanzwe ndetse n’ubukangurambaga bikazamo icyuho. Ikindi kandi kuba iki cyorezo cyarazanye ibihuha byinshi, nabyo byatumye ukwizera icyo umuturage avuze bigorana muri ibi bihe.

Gusa byanashoboka ko na nyuma ya COVID-19 hari bimwe mu bikorwa bitazahita bigaruka birimo nk’ibihuriza hamwe abantu benshi, uburyo bumwe na bumwe umuturage yagezaga ikibazo ku muyobozi bukazavaho. Birakenewe ko mu gihe nkiki abayobozi badakwiye kwibagirwa n’ibindi bibazo byugarije umuturage cyangwa se ngo hagire bamwe mu bayobozi bitwaza COVID-19 bagahutaza abaturage cyane ko bamwe mu baturage bagizweho ingaruka zikomeye n’iki cyorezo kuburyo kuri bamwe ikibazo atari virusi ahubwo ari ingaruka ziyishamikiyeho.

Ikindi kandi ni ukwiga uburyo bwo gukomeza gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga ku buryo umuturage abasha kuvugana n’umuyobozi bitamusabye gutegereza inama, guhura nawe n’ibindi.

Agaciro k’amadini none na nyuma ya COVID-19

Kimwe mu byiciro byagizweho ingaruka mbi n’iki cyorezo ni amadini, bivugwa ko Abanyarwanda barenze 90% bafite amadini babarizwamo. Hari ibihugu bitandukanye nka Koreya y’Epfo, Irani, na Maleziya, ubwiyongere bwa virusi ya COVID-19 bwatewe no guteranira mu nsengero. Gusa mu Rwanda ho siko byagenze kuko kimwe n’ibindi bikorwa bihuriza ahantu hamwe abantu benshi byahagaritswe icyorezo kitarashinga imizi.

Gusa ntagushidikanya ko amadini azagirwaho ingaruka na COVID-19 mu buryo burambye ndetse imwe mu mihango n’indangagaciro zayo zigakurwaho mu gihe kirambye. Kuba hari imwe mu mihango izakurwaho bisobanuye ko agaciro n’umuco w’idini nabyo bizahungabana.

Hakwiye gutekereza uburyo burambye abantu baterana batiriwe bahurira hamwe, aha abenshi batekereza ikoranabuhanga n’itangazamakuru. Gusa igikwiye kwiganwa ubushishozi ni agaciro k’amadini mu guhindura imibereho ya muntu, kuba hafi y’abatishoboye, ibikorwa by’isanamitima ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa amadini asanzwe ari abafatanyabikorwa ba Leta.

Umugabane wa Africa urabyitwaramo gute?

Isesengura ryakozwe na Banki y’Isi ryerekana ko ubukungu bw’Africa bushobora kugwa bwa mbere mu myaka 25, aho ubukungu bw’uyu mugabane buzaba bwaragabanutse ku kigero cya 5.1% mu mpera za 2020. Ibi bizarangwa no kugwa kw’agaciro k’ifaranga, kuzamuka kw’ibiciro by’ibiribwa, kugwa k’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ndetse n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga bizagabanuka.

Abahanga mu by’ubukungu, bemeza ko umugabane wa Afurika ariwo ufite abantu benshi bazahura n’ubuzima bushaririye nyuma ya COVID-19. Kuba uyu mugabane uhuriyemo ibibazo by’impurirane, bivuze ko nta gisubizo gihuriweho kizakemura izo ngaruka. Gusa ariko nanone hari bimwe mu bisubizo byahurirwaho mu gukemura ingaruka za rusange.

Umugabane w’Africa ukaba ugirwa inama yo guhanga inganda no guha agaciro ibikorerwa imbere mu gihugu ndetse no kwifashisha ikoranabuhanga mu gushaka ibisubizo bya bimwe mu bibazo. Ibindi bikwiye gushyirwamo imbaraga n’uyu mugabane ni ukwita ku buhinzi n’ibindi. Kuba Afurika yaragiye inyura mu bizazane ikabyikuramo mu bihe bitandukanye, nta gushidikanya ko ubu budaheranwa imaranye igihe buzayifasha guhangana n’ingaruka za COVID-19.

Ihungabana ry’ubukungu ridasanzwe rikeneye ibisubizo bidasanzwe

Umushakashatsi akaba n’umwanditsi w’ibitabo Yuval Noah Harari avuga ko ikintu cyihutirwa cyane mu gutsinda iki cyorezo ni ugusangira amakuru hagati y’ibihugu, kwemera kugirwa inama ndetse no kwizera amakuru atangwa n’inzobere. Mu gihe icyorezo cyaba kitarashira, ibihugu birasabwa ugukomeza gusangira ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ibikoresho byo gupima n’imashini zifaha mu guhumeka.

Naho kandi Intumwa y’umuyobozi wa WHO, David Nabarro aherutse gutangariza BBC-Hardtalk ko kuba hari ibikorwa bizafungurwa bitavuze ko Coronavirus izaba yarangiye ahubwo abantu bagomba kwiga kubana nayo.

Nabarro yongeyeho ati “Twese dukwiye kwiga kubana niyi virusi, tugakora ubucuruzi iyi virusi ihari, tugatsura umubano virusi ihari kuko ntituzifungirana mu nzu kugeza igihe iyi virusi izarangirira”. Ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu kandi buzagira uruhare mu kuziba icyuho cy’ubusumbane ndetse no gutanga amahirwe angana yo kwikura mu bibazo.”

Eric Birori

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